CEFR - The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages

By selecting a degree programme you are able to see the general content as well as the possible degree programme-specific content. You do not have to select a degree programme to see the Open University's instructions.

The levels presented on this page are based on the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR).

Basic language user
Independent language user
Proficient language user

Basic language user

A1

Can understand and use familiar everyday expressions and basic phases aimed at handling simple, everyday tasks. Can introduce themself and others. Can answer questions about themself and others and ask others similar questions. Can have simple conversations if the other person talks slowly and clearly and is prepared to help.

A2

Can understand and use sentences and frequently used expressions related to the most common everyday needs: the most essential information about themself and their family, shopping, local information, studies and work. Can communicate appropriately in routine situations requiring the exchange of information on familiar matters. Can describe their background, local environment and themes related to themself and familiar matters. 

Independent language user

B1

Can understand and convey the main points of clear messages often encountered in work, studies and leisure. Can cope with most communication situations in the target language. Can produce simple, coherent text on topics that are familiar or of personal interest, and also talk about topics related to their own field. Can describe experiences and events, hopes and ambitions. Can justify and explain opinions and plans.

B2

Can understand the main ideas of texts on different topics, including in their own field. Can adapt and convey messages to the target audience. Can communicate so fluently and spontaneously that effortless interaction is possible in most situations. Can produce clear, detailed texts on a wide range of topics, express opinions on a variety of issues and explain the advantages and disadvantages of different options. Can make a sufficient distinction between formal and informal language and communicate appropriately.

Proficient language user

C1

Can understand different types of demanding texts and presentations, can use them as sources and also recognise the nuances of language use. Can express ideas fluently, spontaneously and accurately, without noticeable difficulties in finding expressions. Can use language flexibly and effectively for social purposes, as well as for learning, research and professional purposes, and can act effectively as a mediator. Can produce clear, well-structured and detailed texts on complex topics.

C2

Can usually understand with ease all kinds of language in different contexts. Can combine information from different sources and build a coherent presentation of the arguments and explanations given in them, both in terms of content and form. Can mediate effectively and naturally, taking on different roles according to the needs of the people and situation involved. Can express ideas spontaneously, very fluently and accurately. Can differentiate finer shades of meaning even in more complex situations.